Bayaan Talbees al-Jahmiyyah al-Ash'ariyyah

In previous articles we explained how the Jahmite Ash'aris believe in secret that the Qur'an we recite and memorize is just an "ibaarah (expression)" of the second Qur'an they believe in (which is just a meaning present with Allaah's Self), and that this ibaarah is created (but they forbid that this should be said openly) as is explicitly stated in al-Bayjuri's Haashiyah upon al-Jawharah (one of their standard and most famous textbooks). Then there was the saying of Fakhr ud-Din ar-Razi (d. 606H) that the As'haris and Mu'tazilah are actually agreed that the Qur'an we have is created, but they just differ on issues of wording and terminology (see here). Then there is the saying of the contemporary Ash'ari, Muhammad Sa'eed Ramadan al-Buti - and we brought his saying establishing the same (see this article). And likewise the saying of al-Juwaynee (d. 478H) confirming they are in agreement with the Mu'tazilah regarding the Qur'an being created (in this article), and then another article on another section in al-Bayjuri's Haashiyah confirming that the Qur'an that is recited (maqroo') is created (see this article).

All of this is based upon their doctrine of Kalaam Nafsee that they stole and plagiarized from the Kullaabiyyah and whose beginnings lay in the schemes and plots of the Jahmiyyah Lafdhiyyah in their saying that this Qur'an we have is only a "hikaayah" - see Ahmad bin Sinaan al-Waasitee (d. 258H), the Shaykh of al-Bukhaaree and Muslim speak about those zindeeqs in this article here, and see Ibn Battah (d. 387H) discuss the roots and origins of the Kullaabiyyah Ash'ariyyah in the doctrines of the conniving Jahmiyyah Lafdhiyyah in this article here.

We also brought a quote from the Mufassir, Ibn Jareer at-Tabari (d. 310) in which he cleaned out the rat-holes and secret hideouts of the Jahmites in a single sweep, cursing them, reviling them and making takfeer of them on account of their claiming the Qur'an (that we read, recite, memorize and hear) is created - may Allaah have mercy upon him. And all of the above, sent them fleeing on their heels, full of awe and terror, with their intellectual frauds and innermost secrets brought out into the open and pounded with fire and brimstones - with not a whisper or whimper in response.

In addition to that we brought the takfeer made by Shaykh Abdul-Qadir al-Jilaanee (d. 561H) of those who say that the Qur'an we have with us is merely a created "ibaarah" (expression). In fact he spoke with very severe words, which you can read in full in this article here (and you must take caution because there are lots of fireworks going off in every direction in that article!).

And in addition to that, we brought the saying of Shaykh Abdul-Qadir also that the Ash'arites who claim the Qur'an is an ibaarah (expression) or that their pronunciation of the Qur'an is created (as is taught in their standard textbooks), then Allaah has threatened them with the Fire, just as He threatened al-Waleed bin al-Mugheerah al-Makhzoomee - see this article here.

We want to now bring some more speech from Shaykh Abdul-Qadir al-Jeelaanee on the subject and it is something he says within the same section we quoted from previously in the book "al-Ghunyah".

Shaykh Abdul-Qadir: Allaah is the Reckoner of Every Ash'arite Mubtadi' (Innovator), Daall (Strayer), Mudill (Leading Others Astray), Who Claims Allaah's Speech is Meaning Only

He says in "al-Ghunyah Li Taalibee Tareeq il-Haqq" (Daar ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1997, 1/130-131):

This translates:

(Chapter): And We Believe that the Qur'an is letters understood and voices heard.

Because through them (letter and voice) does the dumb and silent become speaking (mutakallim), delivering speech (naatiq). And the speech (Kalaam) of Allaah does not depart from that. So whoever rejected "Dhaalik al-Kitaab" (as being letter and voice) then he has been arrogant in rejecting [what] his own perceptive faculty [informs him], and is blinded in vision (and insight).

Allaah the Mighty and Majestic said: "Alif Laam Meem. This is the Book (the Qur'an)" (Al-Baqarah 2:1-2), "Haa Meem.", "Taa Seen Meem. These are the verse of the Book." (al-Qasas 28:1-2). He has mentioned letters metonymically [using the name of one thing for another] for the Qur'an.

And the Most High said, "And if all the trees on the earth were pens and the sea (were ink wherewith to write), with seven seas behind it to add to its (supply), yet the Words of Allah would not be exhausted. Verily, Allah is All-ýMighty, AllýWise." (Luqman 31:27) So He affirmed numerous words for Himself that do not end in their number, and likewise His saying, "Say (O Muhammad). "If the sea were ink for (writing) the Words of my Lord, surely, the sea would be exhausted before the Words of my Lord would be finished, even if we brought (another sea) like it for its aid." (Al-Kahf 18:109).

And the Prophet (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) said:

Read the Qur'an for you will be rewarded with ten good deeds for every letter. As for me, I do not say that "Aleef Laam Meem" is a letter, but "Alif" is ten (good deeds), "Laam" is ten (good deeds) and "Meem" is ten (good deeds), and that makes thirty.

And the Prophet (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) said,

The Qur'an was revealed upon seven ahruf (letters, meaning variant readings), all of them are replete, sufficient.

And Allaah, the Most High, said regarding Moses (alayhis salaam), "And (remember) when your Lord called (naadaa) Moses..." (Ash-Shu'ara 26:10), "And We called him (naadaynaahu) from the right side of the Mount, and made him draw near to Us for a talk with him Moses (qarrabnaahu najiyyaa)." (Maryam 19:52). And Allaah, the Most High, said to Moses (alayhis salaam), "Verily! I am Allah! Laa ilaaha illaa Ana (none has the right to be worshipped but I), so worship Me..." (Ta-Ha 20:14).

All of this is not except as a Voice, and it is not permitted that this calling out (nidaa) and this noun (I am "Allaah") and attribute (none has the right to be worshipped) be [for anyone] except Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, as opposed to the others besides Him from the Angels and all other creatures.

And al-Bukhaaree reports in his Saheeh with his chain of narration to Abdullaah bin Anees (radiallaahu anhu) that he said:

I heard the Prophet (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) saying: The servants will be [resurrected and] gathered together, and He will call them with a Voice, the one who is distant will hear it just like the one who is near, [saying], "I am al-Malik, ad-Dayyaan."

And Abdur-Rahmaan bin Muhammad al-Muhaaribee reported from al-A'mash from Muslim, from Masrooq from Abdullaah (radiallaahu anhu), [that] he said:

When Allaah speaks with revelation, the inhabitants of the heavens hear His Voice, and they fall prostrate until when the fear is removed from their hearts. He (Abdullaah) said: [When] it (the fear) subsides from their hearts, the inhabitants of the heaven say, 'O inhabitants of the heaven (i.e. the Angels), what did your Lord say?' They say, 'The Truth, He said such and such', meaning the revelation (that He spoke with)'.

And from Abdullaah bin al-Harth from Ibn Abbaas (radiallaahu anhumaa) that he said:

Indeed Allaah, the Blessed and Exalted, when He speaks with revelation, the inhabitants of the heavens hear a Voice like the sound of iron when it falls upon the rock, so they fall prostrating to Him anda when the fear is removed from their hearts they say, 'What did your Lord say?' They reply, 'The truth, and He is al-Aliyy (the Most High), al-Kabeer (the Great).

After bringing these evidences he then says:

Which translates:

And these verses and narrations prove that the Speech (Kalaam) of Allaah is with a Voice, not like the voices of men, just like His knowledge, power, and remaining attributes do not resemble the attributes of men, then likewise His Voice. And Imaam Ahmad (rahimahullaa) has textually stated the affirmation of Voice (Sawt) in the narration of a group from his companions, may Allaah be pleased with them all, in opposition to what the Ash'arites said, that the Speech (Kalaam) of Allaah is just the meaning established with His Self, and Allaah is the reckoner of every Innovator (mubtadi'), misguided (daall), misguiding others mudill). For Allaah, the Sublime, has never ceased to be mutakallim (one who speaks), and His Speech (Kalaam) comprises all of the meanings of command (amr), prohibition (nahy) and al-istikhbaar (inquiry).

What has been explained here is the view of the entirety of the Salaf and it is what all the Imaams are upon, including Imaam Ahmad and Imaam al-Bukhaaree, that Allaah speaks when and as He wills, with letter and Voice.

As for their doubt that a Voice requires lips, mouth, throat, larynx and so on - then that doubt which originated with the Jahmiyyah (as explained and refuted by Imaam Ahmad in "ar-Radd alal-Jahmiyyah") - and which was followed by the Ash'arites when they appeared on the scene a couple of hundred years after, then that has been responded to in this article (refer to point no. 5). And in any case, upon that line of reasoning, the Ash'arites would have to reject, hearing and seeing, for there is nothing in the creation described with these two attributes except that it requires organs for these faculties to exist.

As for the issue of whether the letters (huroof) are created or not, then the viewpoint of Ahl us-Sunnah is that clarified by Imaam Ahmad which is that we do not say they are created absolutely and nor uncreated absolutely. For when Allaah speaks (with letter and voice) then they are not created, and when mankind speaks, then what they speak is created. And this is because Allaah from His eternal knowledge, knows all of the languages of mankind, and as He is one who speaks with whatever He wills, whenever He wills, however He wills, then He is able to speak to them with His revelations in the language that they know and understand, thus the Torah was revealed in Hebrew, and Allaah spoke to Moses direct in the language that Moses knew, and likewise with the Injeel (Aramaic) and likewise with the Qur'an (Arabic) and in all of that Allaah's speech is uncreated, and all of this is from Allaah's complete perfection and His perfect knowledge, and likewise Allaah will speak on the Day of Judgement to each person when He holds them to account, without there being any translator between them. So, we do not say either saying absolutely - and this can be covered in more detail in a separate article.

As for the saying of the Jahmiyyah, Kullaabiyyah Ash'ariyyah that letters imply succession and so on, all of that is based upon their creed of negating "hawaadith" from Allaah, which is in turn based upon their intellectual proof of "hudooth ul-ajsaam" in which they simply borrowed the language and terminology of the atheist Philosophers themselves.

Ibn Suraij as-Shafi'ee (d. 306H) said, as narrated from him by Abu Ismaa'eel al-Harawi in "Dhamm ul-Kalaam" and as mentioned by Ibn Taymiyyah in "Bayaan Talbees al-Jahmiyyah":

The Tawheed of the people of knowledge and the jamaa'ah of the Muslims is "I testify none is worthy of worship except Allaah (alone) and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah". And the Tawheed of the people of falsehood is disputing about al-a'raad (incidental attributes) and al-ajsaam (bodies) and the Prophet (sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) was sent with the rejection of that.

And this is what their entire deen is based upon. So when they bring these rational, intellectual objections, you should know the their true and real origins. These people do not treat the revealed texts (i.e. Allaah's speech) to be decisive and definitive. They consider their intellectual proof of demonstrating the universe is created (hudooth ul-ajsaam) to be the ultimate truth around which all truth, and revealed texts, revolve, and upon which they are evaluated.

And the deen of the Ash'arites in particularly, stolen and plagiarized from the deen of the Kullaabiyyah is to reject that Allaah has actions tied to His will and power - and this is the basis of their rejection of the attributes that they reject. The earlier Kullaabi ones amongst them nevertheless affirmed Allaah's uluww (with His Essence) and also affirmed the attributes of Face, Hands, Eyes, as sifaat dhaatiyyah without ta'weel, tahreef, or tafweed, and in these issues they had refutations against the Jahmiyyah and Mu'tazilah (following the Kullaabiyyah) in that. As for the later Ash'arites they simply reverted back to the doctrines of the Jahmites and Mu'tazilah in these and numerous other issues.